STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PLAN USING
PARTICIPARTORY RURAL APPRAISAL
FOR
TEHSIL SUMBAL SONAWARI (BANDIPORA)
FROM
19th – 28th, JUNE 2008.
I. INTRODUCTION
Sumbal Sonawari is usually among the Tehsil with centre Bandipora erstwhile district Baramulla Kashmir. Sumbal is situated 34013’ N and 74037’ E having the normal altitude associated with 5178 toes (1578.25 meter) above indicate ocean level. The District Bandipora can be obtaining 3 or more Tehsils viz. Bandiopa, Gurez and Sumbal Sonawari that has a total population of 306511 folks composed of connected with 158754 gentlemen as well as 147757 females. Out from the full people on the centre Bandipora the tehsil Sumbal Sonawari will be acquiring people involving 149013 persons composed of 76411 males and also 72602 females. The center Bandipora consists of 53 Panchyat halqas using 200 villages out which 12 Panchayat Halqas associated with 51 towns drop with Block Sumbal of tehsil Sonawari.
The Bandipora district is definitely ornamented through Kupwara around the actual West, Baramulla inside the South, Kargil, Srinagar and Ganderbal inside East and LoC inside North. The section possesses severe chilly local weather throughout wintertime and a pleasant conditions throughout summer. Each section of the district things snowfall in the course of winter. Road to be able to Gurez is still closed during winter months on account of snowfall. Average annual rainfall around District Bandipora may be noted because 589 mm together with approximately 82 bitter days.
Tehsil Sumbal Sonwari positioned in the South connected with Bandipora possessing diverse topography viz. plains, karewas, hillocks, in addition to marshy lands, plus normal water bodies. This style of topography commonly makes the location susceptible to flood because good in order to drought conditions. The cultivable parts usually are fertile mainly full of clay and silt. The pond Jehlam and Sindh passing from the location assists when main cause of irrigation. At most of the destinations the water can be lifted by the pushes along with handed out by way of irrigation canals. The huge clay content material would make soils pretty free any time damp and very , very hard when dry.
The plantation women and farm youths were largely observed engaged within manufacturing of handicrafts like carpet making, shawl making, embroidery etc. and nearly every family members ended up being having a flooring weaving unit.The persons primarily remain in low income categories and so are economically backward. The circumstance gets further aggravated because of that will decreased productivity, unemployment/ underemployment, insufficient transmission and fundamental conveniences including knowledge plus health. Majority of the people today experience through malnutrition as well as less than food intake plus the worst hit class is children as well as women. The risk for you to wellness problems is usually apprehended because of very poor sanitary conditions, hazardous normal water facilities etc.
To reduce low income within the region Govt. Departments, Institutions, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) along with allied agencies will be being employed tough to generate the actual production and productivity, generate business and enhance the residing problems through their progammes along with activities. It is within this particular connection, that particular these NGO that is Indo Global Social Service Society (IGSSS) approached towards University through Directorate of Extension Education intended for acquiring SREP and conducting of have to have established trainings on farming and also allied fields. The NGO continues to be stressful in company with Self Help Groups (SHGs) on the list of women persons on the spot for small schooling amenities as well as in due course women of all ages empowerment.
Director Extension Education/ SMAETI, Prof. G.M. Wani appreciatandmediately constituted some sort of crew regarding experts/ exceptional with the Directorate to transport your task methodically using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) process from 19th June 2008 in order to 28th June 2008 while in the already diagnosed communities belonging to the IGSSS. The whole perform was maintained and also carried out easily from a assignment function strategy while in the cycle of time frame through the active coordination in addition to engagement on the industry experts and the NGO personnel.
II.METHODOLOGY
In purchase to prepare Strategic Research Extension Plan (SREP) for the location viz Sumbal Sonawari inside the preferred time plan PRA approach ended up being used that will collect the actual replies from the villagers. This incorporated implementing regarding pre-tested occupation interview schedules, discussion meetings, transect-walks, participatory observation methods, farm and also home visits along with discussion etc. in a very well planned means from 19th June 2008 to be able to 28th June 2008 from the chosen villages.
The crew deputed for any function composed associated with scientists/ experts from Extension Education, Agronomy, Soil Science, Plant defense plus Olericulture of the Directorate and also SKUAST-K divisions. The group has been additionally served by means of State Coordinator and Project Supervisors of IGSSS with rewards regarding personal assist groups and also villagers at substantial as well as very good hospitality for your team. The PRA had been executed in the step-by-step manner through declaration connected with subsequent steps:
Preparation with job interview program and its use
After pre-testing in addition to additionally refinement with the schedule, the particular PRA appeared to be efficiently conducted.Rapport building
In order to get a brief idea about the town resources, ecology, desires regarding grinding area plus possibilities etc. ahead of produce a program for PRA, the actual group went to the place of work of IGSSS from Inderkot hamlet with Sumbal Sonawari. Immediately after an interaction interacting with when using the scientists, administrators of IGSSS along with farmers on the locality in particular adult females self applied assistance groups a few important info ended up being gathered on the over aspects.
This discussion conference was also handy around enjoy the particular prepare with perform in the identified communities pertaining to PRA. In each and every village, farmers/ park adult females in addition to youths gathered inside the central spots with the villages as well as have been utilized in order to self-confidence through informal discussions.
The consequence in the first conversation meeting seemed to be this kind of which the idea eased the particular romantic relationship constructing in the identified towns in the playing connected with persons songs, idioms, proverbs and also prayers etc. In the beginning some tips similar that will their particular workout functions were floated as well as exchanged as a result of which in turn their own epitome of conversations diverted these into the farming and allied problems for more improvement.
Identification of Villages with regard to PRA
The villages revealed from the IGSSS had been picked seeing that agent spots that will prepare SREP for that Sumbal tehsil and consequently PRA was carried out in them. In this kind of way, this towns for PRA were Inderkot, Ganastan, Gund Ibrahim plus Tregam of Sumbal Sonawari tehsil. Since the tehsil crumbles inside temperate agro climatic zone as well as all your determined towns have pretty much homogeneous Agro Eco Situations (AES). The preferred towns only change into the magnitude of a variety of problems and also facilities.
Transect Walks
Each preferred commune was went to much like schedule and also first palm info in regards to the topography, location, healthy resources, demography, popping patterns, vegetation, livestock in addition to allied socio-economic activities were gathered over the using meet with routine and small town transect walks. These taking walks were good because of the villagers they usually liked to share their facts and experiences when using the scientists/ experts.
Mappings
At the completed of each one transect stroll and conversation achieving with the actual determined villages, that farmers ended up enquired to help draw this resource place of their villages about attracting sheets. This work out ended up being extremely creative and enjoyable pertaining to the actual villagers also the center of the actual other participants.
Wealth Ranking
Wealth ranking had been carried out by simply special and indirect asking yourself of the villagers/farmers to the foundation of gross income/month/household not having negatively affecting their sentiments. In just about every town the farmers/villagers had been labeled while Low, Medium and also High earnings class farmers. The farmers/ villagers were finally referred to as reference and also resource rich. The number of source inadequate villagers is exceeding that resource abundant within each village.
Existing Farming Systems
To distinguish this farming methods inside just about every whole village various enterprises viz. developing regarding crops, fruits, vegetables, rearing regarding cattle, sheep, goat, poultry, sericulture as well as additional farming activities along utilizing contribution appearing adopted had been analyzed in addition to determined . These techniques a bit differ relating to help mini level agro-eco situations.
Gap Analysis
This was done by causing reviews concerning that suggested packages and present procedures with farmers/villagers. The specific causes of the gaps had been enquired along with the farmers urged to be able to get yourself a spouse investigation along with extension strategies pertaining to filling this sort of gaps. While planning the particular SREP particular attention can be paid for neighborhood youth and ladies to generate employment as well as salary through providing connected with trainings within several agro-vocations.
III.GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SELECTED VILLAGES AND THEIR SREP
Inderkot Village
Inderkot hamlet with Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil is usually spread more than a space connected with concerning a hundred and fifty hectares of land. More as compared with a hundred hectares are usually irrigated and also remaining as un-irrigated as well as rainfed. Water is definitely removed in the Jehlum as a result of irrigation canals by means of send sets. Paddy is definitely become under mineral water logged illnesses and mostly solitary showing pattern will be followed. Nearly 10 hectares involving land has been described beneath orchards.
Inderkot contains seven patis (hamlets), namely Chana-mohalla, Sadat-mohalla, Gunzri-mohalla, Bana-mohalla, Munz-mohalla, Sonabar and also Murtazabad. The hamlet can be having 900 homeowners using a inhabitants connected with 5500 persons, from which 3000 are usually guys and 2500 females. Besides farming, carpeting creating is yet another cause of income. Almost each and every family is definitely having some sort of crossbred cow, 2-3 sheep/goat as well as 5-6 regional poultry birds.
The village is possessing 1 heart school, one particular main school, couple of EGS, 3 SSA along with a few Anganwari centers. In addition, two personal assist categories (2 SHGs), particularly Karwane - Zainab in addition to Himayat tend to be dynamic under IGSS utilizing their concentrate on carpet weaving, filling device work, pashmina spinning, cow and/ goat rearing in addition to vegetable growing.
The additionally evaluation of the data pointed out the following: -
Income Groups
S.No
Income in Rupees/Month
Level connected with Income Group
No of Households
Percentage associated with Households
1
Up that will 6000
Lower
342
38.00
2
6001-12000
Middle
522
58.00
3
12001 & Above
High
36
04.00
Total
900
100.00
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No associated with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
621
69.00
2
Resource Rich
279
31.00
Total
900
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. of households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
571
63.4
2
Horticulture
7
0.8
3
Olericulture
14
1.5
4
Animal Husbandry
338
37.5
5
Sheep Husbandry
309
34.2
6
Poultry Keeping
23
2.5
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
11
1.2
8
Handloom
435
48.3
9
Embroidery
144
16
10
Others
383
42.5
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. of households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Poultry keeping
310
35
2.
Animal Husbandry + Sheep/ Goat + Horticulture
217
24
3.
Sheep/ Goat + Poultry Keeping + Agriculture
301
33
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
72
8.0
Total
900
100
Contribution of Various Enterprises
S. No
Name associated with Enterprises
No regarding Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
369
41
2
Sheep Husbandry
171
19
3
Animal Husbandry
108
12
4
Vegetable
27
3
5
Fruits
9
1
6
Poultry Keeping
18
2
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
198
22
Total
900
100
Gund Ibrahim Village
The village is actually acquiring a place involving with regards to 160 ha associated with territory outside that 120 ha are irrigated in addition to outstanding since unirrigated or rainded. Paddy and maize are grown up in Kharif as well as Sarson inside Rabi throughout some lands. More when compared with fifteen ha connected with area is needed for orchard plus plant cultivation. The whole village will be owning regarding 275 loved ones using a total inhabitants associated with concerning 2500 persons composed of with 1500 gentlemen along with one thousand females. The major methods with irrigation are usually lift irrigation from Sukhnal, Trazpora Nallah and they are in addition named as Trukulbal.
Resources
Income Groups
S.No
Income with Rupees/Month
Level of Income Group
No involving Households
Percentage connected with Households
1
Up for you to 6000
Lower
43
16
2
6001-12000
Middle
215
78
3
12001 & Above
High
17
06
Total
275
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
154
56
2
Resource Rich
121
44
Total
275
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. of households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
160
58
2
Horticulture
14
5
3
Olericulture
11
4
4
Animal Husbandry
66
24
5
Sheep Husbandry
83
30
6
Poultry Keeping
28
10
7
Handloom
105
38
8
Embroidery
8
3
9
Services
6
2
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. with households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Vegetable + Poultry keeping
127
46
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry +Agriculture + Poultry keeping
66
24
3.
Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Horticulture + Poultry
49
18
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
33
12
Total
275
100
Contribution connected with Various Enterprises
S. No
Name with Enterprises
No regarding Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
111
40
2
Horticulture
3
1
3
Vegetable
2
1
4
Animal Husbandry
50
18
5
Sheep Husbandry
56
20
6
Poultry Keeping
2
1
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
7
3
8
Handloom (Carpet Making)
44
16
Total
275
100
Ganastan Village
Ganastan whole village connected with Sumbal Tehsil is usually composed of a few Paties (hamlets) particularly – Khanpet, Ganastan, Checki, Goonchipora in addition to Rukh mohalla. It will be obtaining about 420 homes having a total populace of 3200 persons, outside which in turn 1920 usually are males as well as 1280 females. The hamlet is usually extended to an area connected with 400 hectares, outside that three hectares tend to be irrigated and also 100 hectares while unirrigated as well as rainfed. About 100 hectares with land is put under orchard and vegetables. Paddy plus maize usually are become around Kharief and wheat, oat and Sarson grown up around Rabi.
The village can be supplied with one particular every excessive school, Angan Wari Center, posting office, ECGS, SSA, Cooperative society, Unani Dispensary and sheep center. The different activities typically carried inside village involves rising of crops, livestock rearing, sheep and goat parenting plus carpeting making etc. two personal help groupings namely Usman along with Ummar Groups within IGSSS usually are at the moment supporting in Sozni work and sought after to be able to divert with regard to agricultural along with cost addition activities.
Income Groups
S.No
Income in Rupees/Month
Level of Income Group
No associated with Households
Percentage regarding Households
1
Up to 6000
Lower
82
19
2
6001-12000
Middle
188
45
3
12001 & Above
High
150
36
Total
420
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No regarding Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
305
72
2
Resource Rich
115
28
Total
420
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. of households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
294
70
2
Horticulture
23
5
3
Olericulture
288
69
4
Animal Husbandry
198
47
5
Sheep Husbandry
201
48
6
Poultry Keeping
150
36
7
Sericulture
48
11
8
Handloom
223
53
9
Embroidery
80
19
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. of households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Animal Husbandry
154
36
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Agriculture + Sericulture
130
31
3.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Sheep / Goat + Poultry Keeping
104
25
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
32
8
Total
420
100
Contribution with Various Enterprises
S. No
Name associated with Enterprises
No connected with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
229
54
2
Horticulture
21
5
3
Olericulture
34
8
4
Animal Husbandry
28
7
5
Sheep Husbandry
43
10
6
Poultry Keeping
12
3
7
Sericulture
12
3
8
Handloom
38
9
Embroidery
3
1
Total
420
100
Tregam Village
Tregam hamlet regarding Tehsil Sonawari involves Paties (helmets) like Odina, Malikpora, Mallapora and Parraypora spread over an area of in relation to 15 ha of land, from which will 10 ha is actually irrigated and rest is unirrigated in addition to rainfed. The commune is definitely possessing nearly 350 homeowners with a entire population of 3261 persons. The male along with womans people described is 1655 as well as 1605 respectively. The small town is supplied with some schools, a single SSA as well as a veterinary center. The normal water is actually elevated because of the pump models from Kawasoo gauge as well as Badi Numble.
The cultivable place is usually put less than paddy, maize, rajmash in addition to greens in kharief plus peas as well as oats inside rabi. Only four ha regarding land will be beneath orchards. Livestock populace consists of 250 cattle, and also related to 200 sheep/goat. Almost just about every home is actually possessing 5-7 nearby chicken birds. The small town can be getting one poultry farm.
Two do-it-yourself help sets namely Kirmani and also Gulshan beneath IGSSS usually are energetic to get different earnings getting things to do including filling device work, flooring weaving and goat/ lambs showing etc. These communities are usually well linked along with many growth businesses with this area. The further examination discloses because under:
Income Groups
S.No
Income in Rupees/Month
Level involving Income Group
No regarding Households
Percentage regarding Households
1
Up for you to 6000
Lower
60
17
2
6001-12000
Middle
130
37
3
12001 & Above
High
160
46
Total
350
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No regarding Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
220
63
2
Resource Rich
130
37
Total
350
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. involving households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
220
63
2
Horticulture
55
16
3
Olericulture
58
17
4
Animal Husbandry
38
11
5
Sheep Husbandry
43
12
6
Poultry Keeping
215
61
7
Sericulture
45
13
8
Handloom
80
23
9
Services
10
3
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. of households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Poultry Keeping
195
56
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Poultry Keeping
85
24
3.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Sericulture + Poultry Keeping
60
17
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
10
3
Total
350
100
Contribution associated with Various Enterprises
S. No
Name with Enterprises
No regarding Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
148
42
2
Horticulture
8
2
3
Olericulture
22
6
4
Animal Husbandry
32
9
5
Sheep/ Goat Husbandry
44
13
6
Poultry Keeping
14
4
7
Sericulture
10
3
8
Handloom
62
18
Services
10
3
Total
350
100
IV. Selected towns of Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil in the Glance (Facts as well as figures)
N = 46
1
Age (Yrs)
upto 20
21-35
36-50
51 & above
Total
No./%age
2 (4.3)
10 (21.7)
27 (58.7)
7 (15.2)
46 (100)
2
Education
Illiterate
Primary
Middle
Matric
Graduate & above
Total
No./%age
24 (52.2)
5 (10.9)
9 (19.6)
6 (13.0)
2 (4.3)
46 (100)
3
Family size
upto 4 members (small)
5-8 people (medium0
9 & earlier mentioned (composite)
No./%age
2 (4.3)
23 (50)
21 (45.7)
46 (100)
4
Occupation
Farming
Business
Services
More compared to one
Total
No/%age
18(39.1)
4(8.7)
2(4.3)
22(47.8)
46(100)
5
Income(Rs)/ Month /head
Upto 6000(Low)
6001-12000(Medium)
12001 & Above(High)
Total
No/%age
22(47.8)
14(30.5)
10(21.7)
46(100)
6
Land Holding(Size) with Kanals
Upto 5
5.1-10
10.1-15
15.1 & Above
Landless
Total
No/%age
12(26.1)
14(30.4)
11(23.9)
8(17.4)
1(2.2)
46(100)
7
Source regarding Information (Persons)
Family Member
Relative
Neighbour
Friends
Village Head
Total
No/%age
25(54.3)
6(13.0)
6(13.0)
3(6.5)
6(13.0)
46(100)
(Officers)
VEW
AEO
HDO
NGO
U.Scientists
None
Total
No/%age
14(30.4)
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
9(19.6)
5(10.9)
16(34.8)
46(100)
(Media)
Radio
TV
Radio & TV
Newspapers
All
None
Total
No/%age
7(15.2)
7(15.2)
24(52.2)
2(4.3)
5(10.9)
1(2.2)
46(100)
8
Frequency regarding Visits/ Offices
Weekly
Fortnightly
Monthly
Seasonally
Never
Total
Dev. Department.
1(2.2)
3(6.5)
3(6.5)
8(17.4)
31(67.4)
46(100)
ATIC
-
-
2(4.3)
4(8.7)
40(87.0)
46(100)
KVK
-
-
-
1(2.2)
45(97.8)
46(100)
Research Stn.
-
-
-
2(4.3)
44(95.7)
46(100)
Univ. HQ
-
-
-
10(21.7)
36(78.3)
46(100)
9
Adoption associated with Technology
Paddy Crop
Varieties
Local
Improved
Latest
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
21(45.7)
13(28.3)
7(15.2)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Seed Rate(Kgs/Kanal)
Upto 3
3.1 – 4
4.1 & Above
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
5(10.9)
31(67.4)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Plants/Hill
5-8
More than 8
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
22(47.8)
19(41.3)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Fertilizer Application
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
12(26.1)
26(56.5)
3(6.5)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Plant Protection
Use associated with Weedicides
Use connected with Fungicide/Insecticide
Use associated with greater than one
None associated with Chemicals
Not Applicable
Total
No/$age
15(32.6)
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
24(52.2)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Yield/Kanal(Qtls.)
Upto 2
2.1-3.5
More when compared with 3.5
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
18(39.1)
14(30.4)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
Natural Proneness
All Types associated with Problems
None in the Problems
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
8(17.4)
3(6.5)
14(30.4)
3(6.5)
5(10.9)
46(100)
10
Maize Crop
Varieties
Local
Improved
Latest
None
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
3(6.5)
2(4.3)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Seed Rate Kgs/Kanal
Upto 1.5
1.6-3.0
More as compared to 3
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
6(13.0)
5(10.9)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Fertilizer Application
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
5(10.9)
8(17.4)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Plant Protection
Applying insecticide etc.
Not Applying every Chemical
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
13(28.3)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Yield/Kanal (Qtls.)
Upto 1
1.1-2.0
More than 2
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
6(13.0)
3(6.5)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
Natural Proneness
None regarding Problems
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
3(6.5)
4(8.7)
4(8.7)
32(60.6)
46(100)
11
Rabi Crops Grown
Sarson/Mustard
Oats
Wheat
More as compared with one
None associated with Crops
Total
No/%age
2(4.3)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
9(19.6)
28(60.9)
46(100)
12
Kharif Vegetables Grown
More when compared with One
None
Total
No/%age
39(84.8)
7(15.2)
46(100)
13
Rabi Vegetables Grown
More than One
None
Total
No/%age
35(76.1)
11(23.9)
46(100)
14
Vegetable Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
All Types
None
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
16(34.8)
13(28.3)
12(26.1)
46(100)
15
Fruit Orchard
Apple
Walnut
Mixed
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
2(4.3)
2(4.3)
31(67.4)
46(100)
16
Apple Varieties
Local
Commercial
Mixed
None
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
10(21.7)
2(4.3)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Orchard Age(Yrs.)
upto-5 (New)
5.1-15 (Young)
15.1-30 & More (Old)
None
Total
No/%age
6(13.0)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Training & Pruning
Yes
No
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
7(15.2)
6((13.0)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Fertilizer Applications
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
2(4.3)
7(15.2)
4(8.7)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Apple Problems
Pollination
Diseases/Pests
Fertilizer application
More as compared with one Problem
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
8(17.4)
1(2.2)
3(6.5)
33(71.7)
46(100)
17
Cattle Rearing Breed
Local
Crossbred
Both(L&C)
None
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
18(39.1)
2(4.3)
13(28.3)
46(100)
No/Household
None
Upto 2
More compared to 2
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
29(63.0)
4(8.7)
46(100)
Milk Yield/H/D (Litres)
Upto 4 (Low)
4.1 – 8.0 (Medium)
8.1 – 15.0 (High)
Nil
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
17(37.0)
5(10.9)
15(32.6)
46(100)
Cattle Problem
Feeding
Diseases
Vet.Facilities
None
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
25(54.3)
3(6.5)
15(32.6)
46(100)
18
Sheep/Goat Rearing Breed
Local/Improved
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
35(76.1)
46(100)
No/Household
None
Upto- 2
3 - 6
More than 6
Total
No/%age
35(76.1)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
4(8.7)
46(100)
Sheep/Goat Problem
Diseases
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
35(76.1)
46(100)
19
Poultry Keeping Breed
Local
Improved
None
Total
No/%age
36(78.3)
1(2.2)
9(19.6)
46(100)
Birds/Household
None
Upto-2
3-6
More in comparison with 6
Total
No/%age
10(21.7)
3(6.5)
11(23.9)
22(47.8)
46(100)
Poultry Problems
Feeding
Housing
Diseases
None
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
27(58.7)
17(37.0)
46(100)
IV. Gap Analysis and Proposed Extension Training Strategy/ Action Plan for any Representative Villages with Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil
S. No
Enterprise/ Package Item
Existing situation/ problem
Village-wise rank of the predicament / problem
Recommended programme/ action approach regarding Sumbal Sonawari area
Inderkot
Gundibrahim
Ganastan
Tregam
A. Agriculture (Crops)
1
Paddy cultivation
Growing paddy primarily under waterlogged conditions
Severe waterlogged conditions
Less waterlogged
Mild waterlogged
Severe waterlogged
Introduction of Technology to get paddy farming around waterlogged location by means of analysis and demonstration.
More use of neighborhood and older cultivars associated with paddy (Nikchina, Safed China, Roosi, China 1007 etc.)
More than 1 / 3 with area under nearby and also regular varieties
Half from the area beneath community and also common varieties
One next with area under neighborhood in addition to traditional varieties
Three final area less than regional as well as common varieties
Replacement of paddy kinds by simply improved and also fresh varieties just like China 1039, K39, Jehlum in addition to Shalimar rice 1, through FLD process and seed village advancement concept
Paddy region of course susceptible to waters logging pressure conditions
Due to faulty and intermittent drinking water submitter system
Due to help faulty along with irregular water syndication system
Due to be able to faulty along with irregular water submission system
Due to help faulty plus unpredictable normal water submitter system
Fair along with only waters submitter requirements the actual introduction of mineral water farming systems and many more drinking water raising channels as well as canals
Using higher seed rates (more when compared with 60-80 kg /ha)
Two finally belonging to the farmers applying bigger seed price in comparison with recommended
More compared to a couple 3 rd farmers utilizing greater seedling amount compared to recommended
Nearly two third character using higher seed quote as compared to recommended
Half belonging to the farmers using greater seed starting rate as compared with recommended
Awareness instruction programmes might be valuable that will cut down this seedling charges as a result of better nursery management
Transplanting process utilizing far more seedling each hill (Above 8 plant per hill)
More than one third farmers using preceding eight seedlings for each hill
Less as compared to 30 % using on top of 8-10 seedlings per hill
One lastly making use of above seven seedling per hill
Two third farmers employing above 8 seedling per hill
Mortality associated with seedlings ought to be lessened using enhanced seed, right seed treatment and approach to consuming crops when using the mud ball.
Fertilizer practical application (Use involving NPK fertilizers)
Nearly 50 % in the farmers utilizing many of the three fertilizers remainder are using also NP connected with N only
More compared to three fourth utilizing part application i.e. NP or N only
Nearly two 3 rd farmers applying Partial job application i.e. NP or N only
Half associated with the particular farmers using Partial job application i.e NP or maybe N only
Awareness cum demo on use of increased seed in addition to well-balanced fertilizers through FLD and OFT programmes
Plant security measures
More as compared to half in the character using weedicide and also simply five percent implementing insecticide/ fungicides
More compared to fifteen nought per cent farmers implementing weedicide only
One final with the farmers employing weedicide and also over 8% are employing fungicide
None with the farmers using every seed protection measure
Conducting of coaching programs regarding dope control, turbo charge management and paddy grasshoppers.
Yield
Nearly 50 percent belonging to the farmers harvesting 2.1 for you to 3.5 q /kanal
Less as compared with one half with the farmers cropping 2.1 in order to 3.5 q/kanal
Two third farmers harvesting 2.1 in order to 3.5 q/kanal
Only one fourth belonging to the farmers working 2.1 in order to 3.5 q/ kanal
The brings per kanal can be improved throughout the demonstration involving logical cultivation connected with paddy under water logged illnesses inside each and every village.
2
Maize
Grown community kinds less than rainfed disorders seeing that cattle fodder or maybe merged along with Rajmash
One next from the farmers increasing maize under rainfed conditions
Two next with that farmers developing maize underneath rainfed conditions
Less as compared to one fourth with the farmers rising maize within rainfed conditions
One next with the farmers increasing maize below rainfed conditions
High yielding (for grain plus fodder) and low water requirement varieties ought to be popularized as a result of demos and teaching programmes
Methods with seeding and seed starting rate
One next belonging to the farmers increasing maize below rainfed conditions plus utilizing seedling amount 1.6 to be able to 3 kg/kanal
Two third from the farmers growing maize under rainfed disorders as well as using seed quote 1.6 to be able to three or more kg/kanal
Less as compared with one final from the farmers developing maize beneath rainfed ailments plus applying seed charge 1.6 to three kg/kanal
One fourth with your farmers rising maize below rainfed disorders and utilizing seed price 1.6 to help a few kg/kanal
FLD plan about maize cultivation could possibly be performed within each village. Emphasis be provided on suggested seed starting rate
Fertilizer job application (Use connected with NPK fertilizers)
None of the farmer using just about any fertilizer
None of the player implementing almost any fertilizer
Few farmers (8%) employing fertilizers
None belonging to the player using virtually any fertilizer
Awareness should be created to use suggested dose of fertilizers as a result of FLDs
Plant protection measures
Although dilemma of leaves borer in addition to leaf sheath blight claimed but not one on the grow crops protection measures taken
Although challenge regarding originate borer plus leaf sheath blight described but not one belonging to the grow crops security measures taken
Although trouble regarding control borer in addition to leaf sheath blight announced however probably none with the plant defense measures taken
Although trouble connected with come borer as well as leaf sheath blight described however none of them on the place safeguards methods taken
Integrated Pest Management on Maize may perhaps be introduced.
Yield
Maize can be typically produced because fodder nevertheless materials generate coming from 50 kg to be able to 2 queen /kanal is reported
Maize is mostly grown up because fodder nevertheless grain yield from 50 kg to be able to a couple of q /kanal is actually reported
Maize is generally become because fodder however feed produce from 50 kg in order to 2 q /kanal is usually reported
Maize is normally grown seeing that fodder however feed yield from 50 kg to couple of q /kanal is usually reported
Technology regarding farmers confidence with having dual profit could be shown inside each one village
3
Rabi Crops
Mustard,oats plus Wheat
Two 3 rd from the farmers not really using any rabi crop, on the other hand leftover a single third taking oats and wheat with regard to fodder purposes.
Half in the farmers not having virtually any rabi crop, even so remaining 1 / 3rd consuming mustard (Oilseed) plus wheat to get fodder purposes.
More when compared with 1 / 2 on the farmers not having every rabi crop, then again other one third taking oats plus wheat pertaining to fodder purposes.
Two lastly belonging to the farmers definitely not taking almost any rabi crop, nonetheless other 30 % consuming whole wheat to get fodder purposes.
Technology to take twice cropping may perhaps be showed as well as improved/ innovative fodder crop/ seedling must be provided regarding cultivation purposes
4
General cropping pattern
Single cropping method (Monoculture) mostly followed
In kharief mainly paddy can be grown up whilst in rabi the actual fields will be drinking water logged in addition to is always fellow
In kharief primarily paddy is become during rabi this derricks will be drinking water logged and remains fellow
In kharief mostly paddy will be grown while in rabi the career fields tend to be waters logged in addition to is still fellow
In kharief mostly paddy will be grown up when it is in rabi the actual fields will be normal water logged as well as stays fellow
Technology for carrying dual showing may perhaps be demonstrated plus improved/ fresh fodder crop/ seed ought to be offered for cultivation purposes
B. Vegetables
1
Kharief vegetables
Growing nearly all forms of produce for household consumption just (Cole, Solanaeceous, Cucurbits and various vegetables).
Two third raising fruit and vegetables pertaining to household purpose (Kitchen gardening)
Almost most growing greens to get home-based purpose (Kitchen gardening)
Almost many growing vegetables and fruits regarding every day objective (Kitchen gardening)
More than Two third growing veggies regarding home-based goal (Kitchen gardening)
Almost each of the farmers have got their own cooking area gardens. So imparting exercising on house back garden to get fresh, sensible and also regular way to obtain greens regarding residence consumption will be of vital exterminator dallas specially for your countryside women
Input availableness (seeds, fertilizers etc.)
Just adequate
Inadequate
Just adequate
Adequate
The SHGs while in the villages normally takes the challenge associated with feedback accessibility and facilitate the community
Insect, pest and also condition troubles (Cut worms, borers, aphids, wilt along with blight etc.)
Nearly one half in the farmers/ growers struggling with insect, pest and disease problem
Half belonging to the farmers /growers facing insect, pest and also condition problem
More when compared with three next in the farmers /growers experiencing insect, pest and illness problem
Nearly the many farmers /growers facing insect, pest and disorder problem
Vegetable, pests and also diseases (like reduce worms, borers and wilt along with blight throughout chillies, capsicum, tomato as well as brinjal) are usually posing a new significant threat along with envisages conduction associated with IPM training workshops / course intended for park women of all ages and youth. Seed and also plant remedy might be popularized.
Latest polyhouse technology, seed production, off season, post-harvest veggie manufacturing technology intended for financial purposes.
Unknown to the farmers nevertheless mainly interested in training
Unknown to the farmers nevertheless primarily serious about training
Unknown to the farmers nonetheless primarily interested in training
Unknown into the farmers but generally interested in training
Training programme related in order to crops fixed in cucurbits by pollination options for girls and also park youth. Training regarding commercialization plus vegetable seed starting generation pertaining to neighborhood youth plus women. Training with posting farm direction involving town adult females along with junior by means of SHGs should certainly cause women of all ages empowerment
2
Rabi vegetables
Growing leafy, main vegetables, peas etc. with restricted level because of drainage system
More as compared to one half in the farmers rising rabi vegetables for their kitchen gardens
Nearly a pair of 3 rd belonging to the farmers rising rabi greens in their particular home gardens
All your farmers growing rabi veggies for their cooking area gardens
More as compared to a couple of next in the farmers developing rabi vegetables of their cooking area gardens
Awareness cum training shows on logical farming of rabi veggies inside the region intended for girls persons specially will be connected with wonderful importance
Inputs as well as latest practical know-how
More when compared with 30 % from the farmers confront challenge involving inputs along with specialised know-how
Less as compared to one particular last in the farmers confront issue involving inputs as well as specialised know-how
One final of the farmers encounter problem regarding inputs plus complex know-how
More than 50 percent in the farmers face problem involving inputs in addition to technical know-how
Vegetables together with larger normal water necessity (water warm vegetables) end up being popularized. Training programs for seed manufacturing and post-harvest technologies should be introduced
C. Horticulture
B
Fruit Growing (Apple, Pear, Walnut etc.)
Fruit increasing is restrained to larger elevations, karewa countries and lately earth loaded lands. Mostly orchards usually are poorly mastered and also facing challenges of insect pest health conditions (Root rot, scruff of the neck rot, scab, alterneria etc.), pollination, berry set, berry drop, fake pruning etc. In apple mackintosh as well as pear orchards. Insect, pest plus disorder trouble inside walnut (walnut weevil, stem borer etc.
More as compared with one finally developing apple company only
One 3 rd growing apple mackintosh along with walnut equally
One final rising most varieties of temperate fruits
More as compared to 1 / 3rd growing all sorts associated with fruits
Since crops growing is not common, on the other hand apple pear as well as walnut trees using in the orchard have been improperly was able in dearth of proper specialized know-how. To strengthen the actual horticulture from the area, serious training is required in orchard layout, management, IPM, pruning and training, plant propagation solutions etc. for any farm youth in order to build talent with berry tradition and yield employment.
D. Livestock
1
Cattle (cow and draught animals)
Lack connected with know-how and veterinary facilities in relation to reproduce improvement along with milk yield
Three fourth on the farmers rearing livestock yielding mostly five liters involving milk daily each head. Nearly 1 / 2 cattle human population combination bred
Three fourth from the farmers parenting cows yielding mostly 4 liters connected with milk everyday each head. One final cattle population cross bred
More than Three next on the farmers parenting livestock yielding generally 4 liters involving take advantage of every day every head. Half cattle society cross bred
More as compared to 1 / 3 of the farmers rearing cattle yielding typically five to 8-10 liters involving take advantage of every day every head. One next livestock society cross bred
Cattle showing within the region can be notable in addition to virtually three fourth people keeping a couple of livestock yielding milk sometimes upward in order to 12-15 liters occasionally every day. Training program upon keep improvement (Breed Improvement) through synchronization and AI programmes.
Dosing along with vaccination, cattle illnesses including FMD, Mastitis, ecto plus endo parasites, Rinderpest etc.
More compared to 50 percent farmers claimed livestock health conditions seeing that main problem
Less in comparison with one fourth farmers announced cattle disorders because most important problem
Nearly one third farmers documented cattle disorders while main problem
Negligible proportion of farmers reported cattle diseases while main problem
Training plan with remedy / vaccination and also dosing against diseases similar to FMD, Mastitis as well as endo ecto parasites (Worms, ticks along with mites) etc.
Feeding of cattle
One 3 rd associated with farmers reported fodder/ supply shortages to get cattle
None associated with farmers reported fodder/ give food to shortages for cattle
Nearly two third regarding farmers claimed fodder/ feast shortages regarding cattle
None regarding farmers announced fodder/ feed shortages to get cattle
Training process on preparing and using healthy cattle rations. Introduction and also expanding associated with new fodders with that area
Willing connected with progress a dairy commercial unit
None in the farmer be aware of your business unit
None belonging to the character know about your commercial unit
None in the character find out about the actual private unit
None belonging to the farmer find out about the particular commercial unit
After plant production, livestock rearing are a great important activity from the area along with ought to be sorted out through advancement regarding milk units in addition to cooperatives intended for collection in addition to distribution associated with milk.
2
Sheep/ goat rearing
Good number of local goats and cross type sheep wants type improvement
One sixth farmers parenting goat / sheep around a few Nos or more for each head
Half with the farmers rearing goat / sheep as much as 6 Nos and up per head
Less as compared to just one fifth farmers parenting goat / lambs around 6 Nos or even more per head
Less in comparison with a single one half farmers showing goat / sheep around 6 Nos or even much more per head
Nearly one fourth with the farmers rearing goat/ sheep within the spot up to six Nos. or maybe more for every household. Thus offering the lambs / goat rearing action as being a sensible component intended for unemployed / farm children's may be popularized.
Dosing and also vaccination
The conditions similar to FMD, Mangitits, base rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
The diseases for instance FMD, Mangitits, ft . rot, endo along with ecto parasites reported.
The illnesses for instance FMD, Mangitits, ft . rot, endo plus ecto parasites reported.
The diseases like FMD, Mangitits, feet rot, endo and also ecto parasites reported.
Sheep/ goat caution devices in the towns possibly be established. Training procedure on treatment/ vaccination plus dosing against the conditions established in the area
Development connected with lambs in addition to goat unit
None with the farmer learn about the private unit
None with the character be informed on your financial unit
None of your farmer be familiar with that commercial unit
None belonging to the character recognize about the financial unit
Promoting your lambs as well as goat rearing task with Establishment regarding lambs / goat device pertaining to business in addition to profits iteration to get farm youngsters in addition to women.
3
Poultry keeping
Keeping connected with just few community birds per residence to get home-based purposes
Three fourth on the farmers always keeping a few in order to a few neighborhood fowls every household
Less when compared with three fourth with the farmers preserving several to be able to 6 nearby birds each household
More as compared with three final with the farmers always keeping 3 to be able to 6 area birds each household
More as compared to a few last belonging to the farmers preserving three or more in order to 6 area fowls each household
Introduction of lawn poultry with superior / new reproduce (Vonraja) to get professional uses through women SHGs on the community could possibly be encouraged.
More parrot fatality caused by poultry illnesses (Cocidiosis, Ranikhet etc.)
One fifty percent farmers going through condition challenge around poultry keeping
One one half farmers experiencing disease dilemma inside poultry keeping
One one half farmers experiencing disease dilemma inside poultry keeping
All the farmers confronting disease problem in poultry keeping
Organization associated with teaching programmes with controlled poultry trying to keep along with deal with of diseases similar to Ranikhet, Cocidiosis etc.
E. Allied activities
Handicrafts
Prominent within handicraft actions
No comments:
Post a Comment